Vrat
Compiled by Shree Jaydevbhai Shukla
Shree Lakshminarayana Temple
Lenasia, Johannesburg
Disciplines such as religious fasting etc. that entail merits are
generally called Vrat. To accept some rules of discipline is in
itself a Vrat. For any advancement in life we have to accept
some restrictive disciplines. A river is bound by the banks,
tree is bound to earth, the strings of Sitar (musical instrument)
are also bound and thereby music is produced. The essence of
Himadri-Vrat chapter describes Vrat as a special undertaking,
keeping some goal in mind, and making a resolution about it.
In the spiritual field, to apply control over the pleasures of our
sense organs, a solemn vow to observe regulatory discipline-
that is Vrat.
The one who undertakes to observe Vrat is called Vratdhaari.
He lives within the bounds of his vows, ever anxious to upkeep
noble ideals. By being rock steady in the observance of Vrat
and vows adds power to internal consciousness and that is why
the followers of Vaidic culture, upon their children attaining
understanding age, make them undergo the Yajnopavit
(sacred thread) ceremony that urges them to a life within
restrictive bounds. Those people whose life is devoid of any
goal, Vrat, noble ideal or duty, are not able to achieve or do
anything of importance.
Vrat is a resolution with a special purpose in mind. Great power
is enfolded within such resolution. Great accomplishments like
the creation of the universe, are achieved through such powers.
The Upanishads describe this as "Ekoham Bahushyami…"
God
(Ishwar) bethought Himself ‘I will manifest and assume diverse
names and forms’. He then underwent austerity. Meaning that
resolution was made to encompass (Aitereya Upanishad).
Ishwar then prepared the five Tanmatras (subtle elements), and
with the aid of resolution activated them (Aitereya Upanishad ½).
In the beginning all this was Atman (God) – one only. Besides
Him there was no other for company. This Super soul then
bethought Himself ‘This is My firm decision to create human
beings’ (Aitereya Upanishad). The Rishis hint at the cryptic
message that the great work like the creation of the universe
was also accomplished only through (the aid of) resolution.
Resolution is a means to awaken our dormant powers. Just as a person
will employ all his powers to (successfully) attain any difficult objective,
in the same way, to accomplish the objective of his resolution, he gathers
all his powers and uses them. In the manner of the feebleness of the
scattered rays of the sun that have no effect on paper or cloth but
can burn if they are concentrated (as through a magnifying glass), if
a man gathers his unsteady mind and directs it to accomplishing a single
task, his purpose will become fruitful. To make a resolution means to
concentrate one’s powers.
In each field of activity in our lives, resoluteness of purpose is
necessary to tread on the path of progress. Mahatma Gandhi said, "Life
without solemness of purpose is like a house without foundation".
The strength of such solemnness of purpose is what makes this world
endure. Not to have such solemness of purpose means to live with wavering
indecision. Lack of courage to adopt a resolution is a sign of weakness.
Such people are unable to successfully tackle any job. According to
Mr. James Allan, "As a matter of fact, the greatest weakness (shortcoming)
of man is his lack of resoluteness of purpose". To remove this
weakness, Vrats have been assigned a pride of place in Hindu religion.
Through practice firm decisions become a matter of routine. The practical
aspect of Vrat is closely linked to regulation of diet. When the observance
of proper dietary principles becomes a habit, then, no matter what his
field of activity is, such person’s resoluteness of purpose will
always make him a leader. Thus for material and spiritual developments
in life, it is absolutely necessary to cultivate the habit of Vrat.
Vrat does not mean instant liberation from sins (faults) but rather
a resolution to the effect that from today, with complete purposefulness,
we will try to progress towards our chosen goal, and will mend any mistakes.
We shall fight the tendencies of laziness and procrastination that reside
in the mind. The meaning of Vrat is, with firmness of purpose, make
a resolution to progress in the direction of perfection. To err is human,
but to be perfect is possible when we reach the heights of Sadhanaa
(spiritual disciplines). Vrat is undertaken to reach such a stage.
Vrat is a kind of austerity. ‘Tapo dvandva sahanam’. Tap
(austerity) means, for achieving any auspicious goal, in our (daily)
life, be prepared to face with equanimity happiness and sorrow. This
is the key to success in any field of activity. Tap (austerity) is the
father of powers and accomplishments. Where there is Tap (austerity),
there are to be found power, liberation, heaven, happiness, peace, bliss,
wealth, knowledge, fame, and all. Any person who wants to lead a noble
life must adopt Tap (austerity or Vrat) as his companion. All great
people who have achieved success in the world have Tap (Vrat) hidden
in their background. Those who do not undertake austerities (Tap or
Vrat) face failures in their lives and blame destiny (for their failures).
Despairing, they are not aware that they have dug up the very foundations
of destiny and success.
Merely to observe the regulations regarding fasting is not a Vrat but
proper conduct, love, disciplines, honesty, good manners, non-stealing,
truth, non-killing (non-violence), unselfishness, etc., and with firmness
of purpose to take a vow to practice these virtues, is also called a
Vrat. The greatest Vrat is with resoluteness of purpose, to eliminate
from our lives demoniac tendencies and to develop (acquire) godly qualities
(daivy sampat or divine wealth).
Vrat bestows all kinds of advantage at the physical and spiritual levels.
During the observance of vrat, one either completely abstains from food,
or partly abstains from food and this gives physiological rest to the
digestive apparatus, which in turn awakens and increases the digestive
power, leading to ease (comfort) of digestion and purification of the
mind. The basis of all these is dependant on healthy digestive apparatus
and purity of mind. The physical body of a person who regularly observes
Vrat remains free of disease. Vrat helps to prepare the proper mental
groundwork for contemplation and meditation. Persons who over indulge
in food exhibit grosser thoughts and intellect. To sharpen the intellect,
our scriptures prescribe the sacred precept of Vrat. The thoughts that
are produced on the day of Vrat embed their powerful influence on the
mind. The preceptors of our religion have woven stories and morals around
Vrat that inspire us and help us make our lives full of strength (full
of confidence and virtues).
The fasting aspect of Vrat makes the mind strong and increases its
firmness and the stories connected with Vrat, if their purport is understood,
can transform the life of a person. Today, unfortunately, people listen
to the stories for their entertainment values and do not attempt to
understand the significance that lies buried within the stories and
also do not apply their teachings in their lives.
In the Mahabharata, Santi parva (162-10) the following is written about
Satya:
"That which is immutable, imperishable, eternal, everlasting,
and is not subject to change, in other words, is ever the same.
There are two paths laid out in front of our lives. Prakriti (nature
or matter) and Satyanarayana. There is ignorance on one side and bright
sunshine of knowledge on the other side. There is darkness on one side
and a heap of light shining brightly on the other side. The Upanishad
provides guidance in life: "Asato Ma Sadgamaya, Tamaso Ma Jyotirgamaya,
Mrityorma Amritam Gamaya". Satyanarayana Vrat points to the same
direction. To progress
on the path of truth is the main purpose of Satya Narayana Vrat.
Come, let us all learn to observe Vrat in its true spirit (after understanding
its true meaning).
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